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samtools/bcftools missing obvious SNPs?
Hi, I am having some trouble with what appears to be missed calls for SNPs while using the samtools/bcftools package.
I am using the latest release samtools 0.1.18 (r982:295), and bcftools 0.1.17-dev (r973:277). My reads are SE Illumina, which have been trimmed of low-quality ends and discarded if they contain low-quality internal bases. Reads are ~55bp long, and coverage is 300-500x per sample.
I first aligned against a reference genome using bwa and sorted using samtools:
bwa aln -t 3 ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna ../03-Trimmed/s_3_trimmed.fastq > s_3.aln.sai
bwa samse ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_3.aln.sai ../03-Trimmed/s_3_trimmed.fastq | gzip > s_3.sam.gz
samtools view -uS s_3.sam.gz | samtools sort - s_3
I then calculated coverage:
samtools mpileup -BQ0 -d10000000 -f ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_1.bam s_2.bam s_3.bam > SSIM_1-2-3_coverage.mpileup
As well as unfiltered variants:
samtools mpileup -uf ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_1.bam s_2.bam s_3.bam | bcftools view -bvcg - > SSIM_1-2-3_variants.bcf
bcftools view SSIM_1-2-3_variants.bcf > SSIM_1-2-3_variants.vcf
I then started spot checking some of the more interesting variants using a bam viewer (tablet) when I noticed something odd. One of the variants which showed up in the bam file, wasn't listed at all in the vcf file. I checked this position in the mpileup file, and it appears as if it should be an obvious SNP with very deep coverage. I am hoping that someone can please help me understand why this SNP wouldn't be called by bcftools.
Relevant mpileup line for the missing SNP (position 569984 in ref) is:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 569984 A 376 C$C$C$c$c$CCcCCCccCcccCccccCCcccccCccCCcccCCCCCccccccccCcCCCcccCCCCCCCcCCcCCccccCCCccccCccCCCccCCCcCcCCCcCCccCCCCCccccccccCCccccCccccCccccccCCccccCCcCCCCcccccCCCcCCCCCcCCCCCcccCCCcCcCCcCcCcCcCcccCCCccCCccCCcCcCCCCCcCCCCCcccCCccccccccCCCCcCCCcccCCCcccCCcCCCCccCccCCCCCCCccccCCCccCCCcccCCCCcCCCcccCCCCCCcccCCCCccCcCcCCCCCCCCCcCccCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCCccCCcCCCccCccCCCCCccccCCcCcccc^FC^FC^Fc^FC^Fc hhhghgghgghfhhfhggehdhhhhhfhhhffgfchYhhghhfhhhghghcfgghhhhcghhhggchgfchhhffhggh_ffhhggghffcghghfafhhhhchhhhhhchgghcgghfhhffffa_chdhhghhhhhfhhfgfghhgghhhghhfghfhghhchgfghhhhhghhfhhfghhhgdffgghhghfhhchhhhfgfhgggghfgghhfhghfhfhdhhhhg^ghchhfeghhhhhhhghgggghghhhhgdghhhhhfhhhghhhchhgcgghhgghhcghehhfh]hhgfhhhhhhhhhghhgghgafehcgfhhhhghhhfhhhhhhdghhhhhhhfhhhhfhhhhhhcghgh[ghhgh_hh`hh 505 C$C$C$C$C$C$c$c$C$C$CCcccccctccccCCCCCcccCccccCCcccccCCCcCcccCCCCcccccCCCcccccCCcCccCCCcCccccCCcCcCccCCCCcccccCcCcCccccccccccccccccCCCCCCcCcccCCCccccccCCccCcCCCCCCcccCCCCCCCCcccCCCCCCccCcCccccCcccCccCCCCcccCCCCcccCCCCCcCCcccCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCCcCccCcccccCCCCCcccCCCCCCCCcCcCcCcccCCCCCCcCcCCCCCCcCcCcCCCccccCCCCCCccCCcCCCCCccCCCCCcCCCCCCccCCCccCCCCCCCccccccCccCCcccCCccccCcccccCccCcccCcCCCcccCCCCCCCcccCcCCccccccCCcccccCccCCCCCccCccccCCCCcccccCCcCCCcCCCCCCCccccccCcCCCcccCcCcccCCCCCCCccccCCCccCccCCCCCcccCc^FC^FC^FC^FC^Fc^Fc^Fc^Fc^Fc^FC^Fc fhhhggghhgghdhhfhhhhhghhcchfhhhfhhhhhhhhhh_hghhhhhhhhhfgaffhhhheghdfdghdhhgggfhfhhhgefhdhf_ghghfh_ghghghcfhhghchhghgggfgchghghhhhfYdfghfagggehafggfdhhhgde_hghhhhhhhhfefhfhhhhhfggahhdhhhhgffhhhhfhfhhhhfhhhhghfahhgghfhhhhhhgehhhedhhfhdehghafghhhhhghhhfhhhhhdhehghghhhhhhgghhhghhhhhfhhhhhhhhhhhhghhhhhhhhhhhhhfhfghhhggghhhhfhghggehaghhgh_hhhhhhchgfhhchhfhhdfhfhhhhhhhbhhghhahhghhhhaghghhhhhhh\hhfhhhhghhhhghhfhhhghhfh_cchhhhghghhffhhhahhgcgehhfhghhhdghhhhhhhfhhehhhhghhchhfhchfhfhhhhhhhfchhhfggdhghgfhhhghhhf 447 C$C$C$C$C$C$c$CCCCCCcccCCCccCCCCCCccccCcCccccCcCCccccCcccCCCCcccCCcCCCCCcCcccCCcccCCCCCCCCCCCcCccccCccCCcccCcCCcCccccCCcccCcCcccCCCccCccCCccccCccCcCcccCCccCCcccccCCCCCcCccCCccccCCCCCcccccCCCcCcCCCCCccCcCCCcCCCccccCCCCCcCcCccCCCCCCccCCCCCCccCcccccCCCCCCCCCCccccCCcCCCCCCCccCCCCCCCCcccCcCCCCCCcCCCCCccccccCccCCCCcccccCCcCcCCCCccCCccCCCccCCccccCCCCCCccCCCCcCCCCCCCCCCcCCccCccCccCCCccccccCcccCCCCCCCCccccCCCCcccCcCcccCCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCccCcCCCCcc^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^Fc^FC^Fc^Fc hfhhghhhhfhhfhhhfhghhhhhchegfhaghhhhhhhhhgghfgcfhhhhghghhhhghhgfchfhghhgghdhgfhhhhghggghhhhfhg\gfhcehhghfh^Whfdhggghfgchhhhfhahgfchgfgghgghghhgeehdhdggdfffhhfhghggfgdfghhfhghhhhehfghhhhhehghhhdhhghdgghggdchhhghhhhhhhhhhhhhggghgdhhfghfgahfhghfhhhehhhghfhfhhhhhhcghhhghgghhhhahhhffgdghhghhgghhghghhchhhhhhhhfhgcfhh^fhghhhhhhfhhghfhhfhchhgghghhhhhhffahhg^hgghhhhhfghhggdch\hhhhhcffhghhghhhhhgfhgghdghhhhehhhhhhhhhgffahghhhhfahchgghgfhhghhhfhhhchfghgd
A nearby SNP which did show up in the vcf file and is very similar:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 542551 A 237 g$GGGgGGgGgGGGggggGGGGGGGggGGGGGggGgGgGGGGGGgggGgggGGGGGGgggGggGGGGGGGggGgGGgGgGGGGGGgggGGGGggGGGGgGGGggGGggGggGGggggGggggGggggGGGGGgggGgGGGgggGgGGGGGggGGGgggGGGGgggGgGgGggGggggGgGgggGGGGGGggGGGggGgGGGGgGGGGGgGGgGgGGGGgGGGGGgGGGGGGGggGggg hhfhhfghhhfdghhghcfgfffbhhfgchhhhghhhhfhhhahgfdhhdfhfeffgggfhghhhhghhfhfhhhhfhggf]gfhghhhhhgh_fdhhfgghaggagghhfghhhhdhghgghhhghgggchhhggggghhgddhgafgahhhgfhgfggfghhfhfhfhhchghhg\fhhhcffgcgghfdchgchggfghhfhdhhgghfhhfhghfhhffhfhghgfghhdhhh 270 G$G$G$g$g$GGGGGGgGgGGGGGGggGGGgggGGgggGGGgGgGgGGGGGGgGGgGGggGGGGGGggggGGggGGGGggGGGGGGgGgGGggggggGGgGGGGGGgggGGgGggGgGggggGggGgGGGGggGgggGGGggggGGGGGGgGGGGGGGGGgGggggGGGGGgGGGGGggGggGGGGGGgggGgGGGGgGgGGGGGGGggGggggGGGGGGGGgggGgGGGGgGGGGgggggGGGGGGGggGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGggGGg dhhhgfgehffhghdffccghh\chhhgfchghfhahhhhgchehgdhcghhfghgeffdhhfhhhgghhhhfhhcfhdfhhfffcchghhhfghhhfhffhehdchhcgdhhhhhgghhcgfhfhhhcghhhffhhhhfgggghhghdeggggchchhhhhfggf\egfcgghghhhhffffhhhfh\dfdhfhfgffgfahg\hhhhdfcc_affhfhgfhffhhfhhhhhhhgdffhdffhhghhhghhghhfafghchfhhfgfXh 285 G$G$G$g$g$GGggGGGgggggggGgGggggGggggGGgggggggggGGGggGGgGgGGggGGGggGGGGGGggGGgggGGGGGGggGggGGGGGGGGgGggGgGGGgGGGGgGgGgGGGgggggggGggggGGGGGGgggGggGGGggGGGGGGgggggggggGggGggGGGGGGGGGGggggGGGGggGgGggGGgGGggGggggGGGGGggGGGGGGGGGGggGGGGGgggGGGGGGgggGGGGggggGGGGggggGgGgggGGGGgGGGGGGGGGgGGGGGGGGgg gchhffhgh^gfhghhhhgdecghhfdhhhhdfhhffhhhhgbfhhfehhfhc^hhfffhhcfdhchhhaahfhggghfdghfhegfhfdefffehhghghYhdgahhfhhhfffhhhhdhhfhhchcgffffhhggfhhhdgcdfgfgfhhghahghhghcahdgghhfffgdfhhhhefgfhhghchhhfgfchhghhggfgdffhhfdffffffafhhgfffchhhfafddfhfhcgcfhhhfffhfchggfgfhhhhhfhhhhhhbhhhhhhhhf\fhdfh
And the two lines from the vcf file which should be flanking the missing SNP:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 543182 0 T G 999 0 DP=1575;VDB=0.0742;AF1=1;AC1=6;DP4=1,0,597,717;MQ=37;FQ=-260;PV4=0.45,7.8e-131,0.46,0.4 GT:PL:GQ 1/1:244,255,0:99 1/1:235,255,0:99 1/1:217,255,0:99 2 2 2
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 570005 0 C T 999 0 DP=1403;VDB=0.0710;AF1=0.6667;AC1=4;DP4=239,177,498,334;MQ=37;FQ=999;PV4=0.43,0,0.24,1 GT:PL:GQ 0/0:0,255,255:99 1/1:255,255,0:99 1/1:255,255,0:99 0 2 2
Although I have only discovered one of these cases, I am concerned that I might be missing other variants as well.
Thanks for taking a look.
Sam
I am using the latest release samtools 0.1.18 (r982:295), and bcftools 0.1.17-dev (r973:277). My reads are SE Illumina, which have been trimmed of low-quality ends and discarded if they contain low-quality internal bases. Reads are ~55bp long, and coverage is 300-500x per sample.
I first aligned against a reference genome using bwa and sorted using samtools:
bwa aln -t 3 ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna ../03-Trimmed/s_3_trimmed.fastq > s_3.aln.sai
bwa samse ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_3.aln.sai ../03-Trimmed/s_3_trimmed.fastq | gzip > s_3.sam.gz
samtools view -uS s_3.sam.gz | samtools sort - s_3
I then calculated coverage:
samtools mpileup -BQ0 -d10000000 -f ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_1.bam s_2.bam s_3.bam > SSIM_1-2-3_coverage.mpileup
As well as unfiltered variants:
samtools mpileup -uf ./ST3-index/NC_015433_mod.fna s_1.bam s_2.bam s_3.bam | bcftools view -bvcg - > SSIM_1-2-3_variants.bcf
bcftools view SSIM_1-2-3_variants.bcf > SSIM_1-2-3_variants.vcf
I then started spot checking some of the more interesting variants using a bam viewer (tablet) when I noticed something odd. One of the variants which showed up in the bam file, wasn't listed at all in the vcf file. I checked this position in the mpileup file, and it appears as if it should be an obvious SNP with very deep coverage. I am hoping that someone can please help me understand why this SNP wouldn't be called by bcftools.
Relevant mpileup line for the missing SNP (position 569984 in ref) is:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 569984 A 376 C$C$C$c$c$CCcCCCccCcccCccccCCcccccCccCCcccCCCCCccccccccCcCCCcccCCCCCCCcCCcCCccccCCCccccCccCCCccCCCcCcCCCcCCccCCCCCccccccccCCccccCccccCccccccCCccccCCcCCCCcccccCCCcCCCCCcCCCCCcccCCCcCcCCcCcCcCcCcccCCCccCCccCCcCcCCCCCcCCCCCcccCCccccccccCCCCcCCCcccCCCcccCCcCCCCccCccCCCCCCCccccCCCccCCCcccCCCCcCCCcccCCCCCCcccCCCCccCcCcCCCCCCCCCcCccCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCCccCCcCCCccCccCCCCCccccCCcCcccc^FC^FC^Fc^FC^Fc hhhghgghgghfhhfhggehdhhhhhfhhhffgfchYhhghhfhhhghghcfgghhhhcghhhggchgfchhhffhggh_ffhhggghffcghghfafhhhhchhhhhhchgghcgghfhhffffa_chdhhghhhhhfhhfgfghhgghhhghhfghfhghhchgfghhhhhghhfhhfghhhgdffgghhghfhhchhhhfgfhgggghfgghhfhghfhfhdhhhhg^ghchhfeghhhhhhhghgggghghhhhgdghhhhhfhhhghhhchhgcgghhgghhcghehhfh]hhgfhhhhhhhhhghhgghgafehcgfhhhhghhhfhhhhhhdghhhhhhhfhhhhfhhhhhhcghgh[ghhgh_hh`hh 505 C$C$C$C$C$C$c$c$C$C$CCcccccctccccCCCCCcccCccccCCcccccCCCcCcccCCCCcccccCCCcccccCCcCccCCCcCccccCCcCcCccCCCCcccccCcCcCccccccccccccccccCCCCCCcCcccCCCccccccCCccCcCCCCCCcccCCCCCCCCcccCCCCCCccCcCccccCcccCccCCCCcccCCCCcccCCCCCcCCcccCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCCcCccCcccccCCCCCcccCCCCCCCCcCcCcCcccCCCCCCcCcCCCCCCcCcCcCCCccccCCCCCCccCCcCCCCCccCCCCCcCCCCCCccCCCccCCCCCCCccccccCccCCcccCCccccCcccccCccCcccCcCCCcccCCCCCCCcccCcCCccccccCCcccccCccCCCCCccCccccCCCCcccccCCcCCCcCCCCCCCccccccCcCCCcccCcCcccCCCCCCCccccCCCccCccCCCCCcccCc^FC^FC^FC^FC^Fc^Fc^Fc^Fc^Fc^FC^Fc fhhhggghhgghdhhfhhhhhghhcchfhhhfhhhhhhhhhh_hghhhhhhhhhfgaffhhhheghdfdghdhhgggfhfhhhgefhdhf_ghghfh_ghghghcfhhghchhghgggfgchghghhhhfYdfghfagggehafggfdhhhgde_hghhhhhhhhfefhfhhhhhfggahhdhhhhgffhhhhfhfhhhhfhhhhghfahhgghfhhhhhhgehhhedhhfhdehghafghhhhhghhhfhhhhhdhehghghhhhhhgghhhghhhhhfhhhhhhhhhhhhghhhhhhhhhhhhhfhfghhhggghhhhfhghggehaghhgh_hhhhhhchgfhhchhfhhdfhfhhhhhhhbhhghhahhghhhhaghghhhhhhh\hhfhhhhghhhhghhfhhhghhfh_cchhhhghghhffhhhahhgcgehhfhghhhdghhhhhhhfhhehhhhghhchhfhchfhfhhhhhhhfchhhfggdhghgfhhhghhhf 447 C$C$C$C$C$C$c$CCCCCCcccCCCccCCCCCCccccCcCccccCcCCccccCcccCCCCcccCCcCCCCCcCcccCCcccCCCCCCCCCCCcCccccCccCCcccCcCCcCccccCCcccCcCcccCCCccCccCCccccCccCcCcccCCccCCcccccCCCCCcCccCCccccCCCCCcccccCCCcCcCCCCCccCcCCCcCCCccccCCCCCcCcCccCCCCCCccCCCCCCccCcccccCCCCCCCCCCccccCCcCCCCCCCccCCCCCCCCcccCcCCCCCCcCCCCCccccccCccCCCCcccccCCcCcCCCCccCCccCCCccCCccccCCCCCCccCCCCcCCCCCCCCCCcCCccCccCccCCCccccccCcccCCCCCCCCccccCCCCcccCcCcccCCCCCCCCcccccCCCCCCccCcCCCCcc^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^FC^Fc^FC^Fc^Fc hfhhghhhhfhhfhhhfhghhhhhchegfhaghhhhhhhhhgghfgcfhhhhghghhhhghhgfchfhghhgghdhgfhhhhghggghhhhfhg\gfhcehhghfh^Whfdhggghfgchhhhfhahgfchgfgghgghghhgeehdhdggdfffhhfhghggfgdfghhfhghhhhehfghhhhhehghhhdhhghdgghggdchhhghhhhhhhhhhhhhggghgdhhfghfgahfhghfhhhehhhghfhfhhhhhhcghhhghgghhhhahhhffgdghhghhgghhghghhchhhhhhhhfhgcfhh^fhghhhhhhfhhghfhhfhchhgghghhhhhhffahhg^hgghhhhhfghhggdch\hhhhhcffhghhghhhhhgfhgghdghhhhehhhhhhhhhgffahghhhhfahchgghgfhhghhhfhhhchfghgd
A nearby SNP which did show up in the vcf file and is very similar:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 542551 A 237 g$GGGgGGgGgGGGggggGGGGGGGggGGGGGggGgGgGGGGGGgggGgggGGGGGGgggGggGGGGGGGggGgGGgGgGGGGGGgggGGGGggGGGGgGGGggGGggGggGGggggGggggGggggGGGGGgggGgGGGgggGgGGGGGggGGGgggGGGGgggGgGgGggGggggGgGgggGGGGGGggGGGggGgGGGGgGGGGGgGGgGgGGGGgGGGGGgGGGGGGGggGggg hhfhhfghhhfdghhghcfgfffbhhfgchhhhghhhhfhhhahgfdhhdfhfeffgggfhghhhhghhfhfhhhhfhggf]gfhghhhhhgh_fdhhfgghaggagghhfghhhhdhghgghhhghgggchhhggggghhgddhgafgahhhgfhgfggfghhfhfhfhhchghhg\fhhhcffgcgghfdchgchggfghhfhdhhgghfhhfhghfhhffhfhghgfghhdhhh 270 G$G$G$g$g$GGGGGGgGgGGGGGGggGGGgggGGgggGGGgGgGgGGGGGGgGGgGGggGGGGGGggggGGggGGGGggGGGGGGgGgGGggggggGGgGGGGGGgggGGgGggGgGggggGggGgGGGGggGgggGGGggggGGGGGGgGGGGGGGGGgGggggGGGGGgGGGGGggGggGGGGGGgggGgGGGGgGgGGGGGGGggGggggGGGGGGGGgggGgGGGGgGGGGgggggGGGGGGGggGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGggGGg dhhhgfgehffhghdffccghh\chhhgfchghfhahhhhgchehgdhcghhfghgeffdhhfhhhgghhhhfhhcfhdfhhfffcchghhhfghhhfhffhehdchhcgdhhhhhgghhcgfhfhhhcghhhffhhhhfgggghhghdeggggchchhhhhfggf\egfcgghghhhhffffhhhfh\dfdhfhfgffgfahg\hhhhdfcc_affhfhgfhffhhfhhhhhhhgdffhdffhhghhhghhghhfafghchfhhfgfXh 285 G$G$G$g$g$GGggGGGgggggggGgGggggGggggGGgggggggggGGGggGGgGgGGggGGGggGGGGGGggGGgggGGGGGGggGggGGGGGGGGgGggGgGGGgGGGGgGgGgGGGgggggggGggggGGGGGGgggGggGGGggGGGGGGgggggggggGggGggGGGGGGGGGGggggGGGGggGgGggGGgGGggGggggGGGGGggGGGGGGGGGGggGGGGGgggGGGGGGgggGGGGggggGGGGggggGgGgggGGGGgGGGGGGGGGgGGGGGGGGgg gchhffhgh^gfhghhhhgdecghhfdhhhhdfhhffhhhhgbfhhfehhfhc^hhfffhhcfdhchhhaahfhggghfdghfhegfhfdefffehhghghYhdgahhfhhhfffhhhhdhhfhhchcgffffhhggfhhhdgcdfgfgfhhghahghhghcahdgghhfffgdfhhhhefgfhhghchhhfgfchhghhggfgdffhhfdffffffafhhgfffchhhfafddfhfhcgcfhhhfffhfchggfgfhhhhhfhhhhhhbhhhhhhhhf\fhdfh
And the two lines from the vcf file which should be flanking the missing SNP:
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 543182 0 T G 999 0 DP=1575;VDB=0.0742;AF1=1;AC1=6;DP4=1,0,597,717;MQ=37;FQ=-260;PV4=0.45,7.8e-131,0.46,0.4 GT:PL:GQ 1/1:244,255,0:99 1/1:235,255,0:99 1/1:217,255,0:99 2 2 2
NC_015433.1_Ss_ST3 570005 0 C T 999 0 DP=1403;VDB=0.0710;AF1=0.6667;AC1=4;DP4=239,177,498,334;MQ=37;FQ=999;PV4=0.43,0,0.24,1 GT:PL:GQ 0/0:0,255,255:99 1/1:255,255,0:99 1/1:255,255,0:99 0 2 2
Although I have only discovered one of these cases, I am concerned that I might be missing other variants as well.
Thanks for taking a look.
Sam
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