Unconfigured Ad

Collapse
X
 
  • Time
  • Show
Clear All
new posts
  • traeki
    Member
    • May 2011
    • 11

    #1

    Retrieving mismatch details from tophat

    Hi, all,

    Summary: How can I see the details of the mismatch locations for tophat alignments?

    Details:

    In the SAM output of a tophat run, there are two potential sources I'm aware of for finding information about the alignment details for each entry.

    1) The CIGAR mandatory field, which is generally either xM, where x is the number of aligned bases, or xMyNzM, where x + z is the number of combined bases, and y is the length of the intron.

    2) The MD:Z optional field, which contains a more detailed representation that indicates exactly which pieces of the reference match were altered or elided in the read. (There is also an NM:i field which tells the number of mismatches, but not where they fall.)

    In bowtie output, both of these are present. But in my tophat output, MD is consistently absent, and I have only the much less informative CIGAR field (and yet, the SAM spec does provide for more detail in the CIGAR field, but it is optional, and neither bowtie nor tophat incorporates X/= tokens).

    I could write a script that chews over the original genome and the output alignments and reconstructs this information, but since I know the internal bowtie output must be generating this information at least for the matches that don't involve exons, I'm hoping that there's a way to have tophat provide it to me directly.

    Anybody know how to solve this problem? I'm pretty new to this, so I could well be missing something obvious (a supplemental tool, a flag, etc).

    Thanks!

    -John
  • hesterj
    Junior Member
    • Jun 2010
    • 1

    #2
    The samtools calmd command will calculate the proper md flags given a sam file and the genome in fasta format.

    link

    If I remember correctly it runs much faster if the sam file has been sorted previous to running calmd, look at the samtools sort command for how to do that.

    Historically the CIGAR field only dealt with insertion deletions, both matches and mismatches are designated with a 'M' in the CIGAR string. That seems to have been changed in a more recent revision of the format, but I don't know of any programs which have implemented it yet.

    Comment

    • traeki
      Member
      • May 2011
      • 11

      #3
      Perfect, thanks @hesterj! That'll save me a lot of time.

      And no worries on the sorting, my downstream processing depends on that in any case.

      -John

      Comment

      Latest Articles

      Collapse

      • SEQadmin2
        16S/ITS Profiling vs. Shotgun Metagenomics: What Changes in Your Workflow?
        by SEQadmin2




        NGS has revolutionized clinical microbiology by offering new ways to identify and surveil pathogens without prior knowledge of the target. One popular approach is 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, which targets specific microbial markers. But studies are increasingly incorporating shotgun metagenomics, a technique that sequences all DNA from a sample without targeting specific microbial markers. This approach allows more detailed taxonomic classification, detection...
        Yesterday, 06:46 AM
      • SEQadmin2
        Multiomic Liquid Biopsy: What DNA/RNA Panels Reveal That DNA Alone Can’t
        by SEQadmin2



        Tumors contain complex mixtures of cell populations that evolve in response to treatment and host-specific factors. Tissue biopsies provide only static snapshots of a tumor’s state. But what if we could follow that evolution over time using a minimally invasive technique?

        Liquid biopsies can detect tumor-derived material circulating in the bloodstream, providing a way to study treatment response, detect emerging resistance, and discover new biomarkers. Circulating
        ...
        10-14-2026, 09:55 AM

      ad_right_rmr

      Collapse

      News

      Collapse

      Topics Statistics Last Post
      Started by SEQadmin2, 10-28-2026, 09:57 AM
      0 responses
      29 views
      0 reactions
      Last Post SEQadmin2  
      Started by SEQadmin2, 10-28-2026, 09:51 AM
      0 responses
      20 views
      0 reactions
      Last Post SEQadmin2  
      Started by SEQadmin2, 10-22-2026, 11:13 AM
      0 responses
      71 views
      0 reactions
      Last Post SEQadmin2  
      Started by SEQadmin2, 10-22-2026, 10:48 AM
      0 responses
      48 views
      0 reactions
      Last Post SEQadmin2  
      Working...